Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor

Account of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor Henry Ford was an Americanâ industrialist, the author of the Ford Motor Company, and the supporter of the improvement of theâ assembly lineâ technique ofâ mass creation. Quick Facts: Henry Ford Known For: American industrialist, author of the Ford Motor Company.Born: July 30, 1863, Dearborn, Michigan.Parents: Mary Litogot Ahern Ford (1839â€1876) and William Ford (1826-1905) (m. April 21, 1861).Died: April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan.Education: Scotch Settlement School in Dearborn to the sixth grade, disciple in a machine shop, and general business learns at Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit. Published Works: My Life and Work. Spouse: Clara Jane Bryant (m. 1888â€1947).Children: Edsel (November 6, 1893â€May 26, 1943). Early Life Henry Ford was conceived on July 30, 1863, one of eight and the most established of five that made due to adulthood, of Mary Litogot Ahern and William Ford. William (1826â€1905) was an Irish foreigner, conceived in Clonakilty in County Cork, who fled the Irish potato starvation with two acquired pounds andâ a set of carpentry devices. He settled in Detroit where some of his uncles lived, and immediately collected land. At three years old, Mary Litogot Ahern (1839â€1876) and her three siblings were stranded; Mary was received by a couple named Margaret and Patrick Ahern. She and William wedded on April 21, 1861: Marys endowment included 90 sections of land and after they were hitched, their sizable ranch totaled 250 sections of land. When Henry was conceived, they were among the most significant and well off families in Dearborn.â Training Henry was instructed in two one-room school buildings, the Scottish Settlement School and the Miller School, completing six evaluations. The structure was in the long run moved to Fords Greenfield town and opened to voyagers. From his graduation in 1876 Henry chipped away at his dads ranch yet after gather 1878, he unexpectedly left, strolling off without authorization to Detroit where he remained with his dads sister Rebecca. He took an occupation at the trolley maker Michigan Car Company Works, however was terminated following six days and needed to get back. In 1879, William got Henry an apprenticeship at the James Flower and Brothers Machine shop in Detroit where he kept going 9 months, leaving for the Detroit Dry Dock Company, pioneers in iron boats and Bessemer steel. Neither one of the jobs paid him enough to cover his lease, so he took a night work with a gem specialist, cleaning and fixing watches.â Henry Ford came back to the homestead in 1882, where he worked a little versatile steam sifting machine, the Westinghouse Agricultural Engine, for a neighbor. He was generally excellent at it, and over the summers of 1883â€1884, he was recruited by the organization to work and fix motors made and sold in Michigan and northern Ohio.â Marriage and Future Plans In December of 1885, Ford met Clara Jane Bryant (1866â€1950) at a New Years Eve gathering and they wedded on April 11, 1888. Portage kept on working the ranch his dad gave him a real esatate however his heart was in fiddling and he obviously had business as a primary concern. Over the winters of 1888-1890, Henry Ford joined up with Goldsmith, Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit, where he likely took handwriting, accounting, mechanical drawing, and general strategic approaches. By the mid 1890s, Ford was persuaded that he could build a horseless carriage: however he didnt think enough about power, so in September 1891, he took a vocation with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. After his solitary child Edsel was conceived on November 6, 1893, Ford was elevated to Chief Engineer. By 1896, Edison had fabricated his first working horseless carriage, which he named a quadricyle. He offered it so as to fund take a shot at an improved model-a conveyance cart. On April 17, 1897, Ford applied for a patent for a carburetor, and on August 5, 1899, the Detroit Automobile Company was shaped. After ten days, Ford quit the Edison Illuminating Company. And on January 12, 1900, the Detroit Automobile Company discharged the conveyance cart as its first business vehicle, structured by Henry Ford. Portage Motors Portage fused the Ford Motor Company in 1903, announcing, I will assemble a vehicle for the incredible huge number. In October 1908, he did as such, the Model T-Ford numbered his models by the letters of the letter set, despite the fact that not every one of them made it to make. First evaluated at $950, over the Model Ts nineteen years of creation, its cost plunged as low as $280. About 15,000,000 were sold in the United States alone. The Model T proclaims the start of the Motor Age; Fords advancement was a vehicle developed from extravagance thing for the wealthy to a fundamental type of transportation for the common man, that that normal man could fix and keep up without anyone else Albeit in spite of certain reports he didnt develop the mechanical production system, Ford used it to upset assembling forms in the United States. By 1914, his Highland Park, Michigan plant utilized creative creation strategies to turn out a total body at regular intervals. This was a dazzling improvement over the previous creation time of 728 minutes. Utilizing a continually moving mechanical production system, development of work, and cautious coordination of tasks, Ford acknowledged enormous additions in efficiency, and individual riches. In 1914, Ford started paying his workers five dollars per day, about multiplying the wages offered by different makers. He slice the workday from nine to eight hours so as to change over the production line to a three-move workday. Portages large scale manufacturing procedures would in the long run take into consideration the production of a Model T like clockwork. His advancements made him a global superstar. On May 27, 1927, creation finished for the Ford Model T. Heritage and Death Passage was a keen agent and a significant artist, with a genuinely slender skin. In 1919 he sued the Chicago Tribune for defamation for composing an article in which the Tribune called him a revolutionary and uninformed idealist. He composed and modified his account on numerous occasions starting in 1922, and he supported the reclamation of an unspoiled rustic town called Greenfield Village which was worked to a limited extent to go about as a visitor goal praising his life and work. However, Ford kept on enhancing. In 1932, Henry Ford presented his last building triumph: his en square, or one piece, V-8 motor; and on January 13, 1942, he licensed a plastic-bodied vehicle a vehicle 30 percent lighter than metal vehicles. Passages reasonable Model T irreversibly modified American culture. As more Americans claimed vehicles, urbanization designs changed. The United States saw the development of the suburbs, the production of a national parkway framework, and a populace spellbound with the chance of going anyplace whenever. Portage saw a significant number of these progressions during his lifetime, at the same time specifically yearning for the agrarian way of life of his childhood. The most recent couple of years, Henry Ford noticeably eased back down, and on April 7, 1947, he kicked the bucket in his home in Dearborn. Contention There is lamentably abundant proof that Ford was a biased person, whose works incorporate a few proclamations alluding to racial domination. As per an ongoing article in Quartz, despite the fact that he recruited dark representatives and paid them equivalent to white ones, he was worried that they and his different laborers would be tainted by the malevolence of jazz music, so he proposed that square moving could be advanced as an elective spot where white individuals could hang out.â Sources Bryan, Ford R. Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013.Ford, Henry. My Life and Work. Portages journal was distributed a few times and with various versions, the book was first composed, in relationship with Samuel Crowther, in 1922.Lewis, David L. The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1976.Pennacchia, Robyn. America’s healthy square moving custom is a device of racial domination. Quartz, December 12, 2017.Swigger, Jessica. History Is Bunk: Historical Memories at Henry Fords Greenfield Village. College of Texas, 2008.Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-roots America. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1973.Wood, John Cunningham and Michael C. Wood (eds). Henry Ford: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Volume 1. London: Routledge, 2003.

Free Essays on Great Depression

The Great Depression and the New Deal. In 1932 just about 1500 banks fizzled, 32,00 organizations shut their entryways and one-fourth of the work power in the United States was jobless. In that same year Franklin Delanore Roosevelt was chosen president. He took office in 1933 with the economy and the country in an extreme wretchedness. For the initial three years of the Great Depression the administration did very little to assist the economy with recovering. This all changed when FDR and his law based organization took control. This organization started the New Deal. This program united the government and the state governments. The states got government awards, which gave financing for such projects as open works ventures, lodging help, help to families with subordinate youngsters, joblessness pay and numerous other programs. These projects served to in the long run pull the economy and the country out of the Great Depression. The fundamental inquiry is the reason the law based organization and FDR felt these projects would work, and why they felt such an emotional change in the job of the legislature was required. For the appropriate response we should go to a financial specialist by the name of John Maynard Keynes. He built up a financial hypothesis that said that the powers of gracefully and request worked to gradually in a genuine downturn, and the national government should step in and help animate the economy. This hypothesis got known as Keynesian Economics. Regarding the Great Sadness the economy was at a genuine awkwardness in light of the fact that the open part was sparing more than expected and the business segment was not contributing at a run of the mill level. In this way the administration expected to step on and animate the economy. This incitement was found in the activities of the administration in the New Deal. Slowly yet doubtlessly the means taken by the administration pulled the country's economy out of the downturn it looked for such a significant number of years. Fran... Free Essays on Great Depression Free Essays on Great Depression Extraordinary Depression was during 1929 through 1939. It was one of the hardest time individuals had experienced. There wasn’t cash like there is presently or transportation. I talked with six distinct individuals upon the arrival of 1-13-00. I learned numerous things, for example, how there wasn’t food, cash, garments, transportation, and numerous different things during the hour of the downturn. I’m going to reveal to you stories I heard likewise my inclination on things. Upon the arrival of January first of 2000, I had gone to a nursing home by the name of Millers Mary Manor situated on highway 6 in Lake Station. There I had met a wide range of individuals: The clench hand one I’m going to enlighten you regarding was a man who passed by the name Nicholas Georgeif. His age wasn’t talked about. He was a young person during the downturn. His dad took a shot at the homestead as he went to class during the day. After school him and his sisters and siblings had helped on the homestead. In those days cash was tight you worked for a dollar daily or seventy-five pennies to gather together a knew about steers. He served in the military for a long time and two months. He didn’t talk quite a bit of how it was or had affected him during the time. He at that point got intrigued by photography and purchased his first camera for a dollar. He revealed to us how he recollected Franklin Roosevelt had assembled a WPA it was a laborers journalists venture. Roosevelt had gave the individuals who didn’t have occupations a vocation on the WPA, they took a shot at thruways and streets for around a dollar daily. Additionally Nicholas expressed how he (Roosevelt) set up CC camps. Which is non military personnel conversational corps, for kids to remain of the avenues and in the clear. After Nicholas had been out of the military he turned into a picture taker professionally. He additionally had taken pictures of Albert Einstein. To make a long story short†¦ He wasn’t timid in those days. He approached Einstein’s entryway and expressed what his identity was and needed to snap a photo of him. It went from there†¦ He had snapped the photo met his wi... Free Essays on Great Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal. In 1932 very nearly 1500 banks fizzled, 32,00 organizations shut their entryways and one-fourth of the work power in the United States was jobless. In that same year Franklin Delanore Roosevelt was chosen president. He took office in 1933 with the economy and the country in an extreme sorrow. For the initial three years of the Great Depression the administration did very little to assist the economy with recovering. This all changed when FDR and his just organization took control. This organization started the New Deal. This program united the government and the state governments. The states got government awards, which gave financing for such projects as open works ventures, lodging help, help to families with subordinate kids, joblessness remuneration and numerous other programs. These projects served to in the long run pull the economy and the country out of the Great Depression. The fundamental inquiry is the reason the just organization and FDR felt these projects would work, and why they felt such an emotional change in the job of the legislature was required. For the appropriate response we should go to a financial analyst by the name of John Maynard Keynes. He built up a financial hypothesis that said that the powers of gracefully and request worked to gradually in a genuine downturn, and the national government should step in and help animate the economy. This hypothesis got known as Keynesian Economics. As far as the Great Melancholy the economy was at a genuine lopsidedness in light of the fact that the open area was sparing more than expected and the business area was not contributing at a regular level. In this manner the administration expected to step on and invigorate the economy. This incitement was found in the activities of the legislature in the New Deal. Slowly however without a doubt the means taken by the administration pulled the country's economy out of the downturn it looked for such a large number of years. Fran... Free Essays on Great Depression Could the Great Depression of the mid 1920’s to late 1930’s have been forestalled? Would we be able to have forestalled laying off 1/3 of the work power and cause individuals to ask for the lowest pay permitted by law occupations during the 1930’s? Would we be able to have forestalled individuals alarm selling their stalks in October of 1929 when the tail advertise smashed? Would it be able to be accused on monetary issues brought to us by WW1? I accept that the Great Depression could have been forestalled and I have the responses to these inquiries and more in the accompanying sections. Numerous individuals thrived in the 1920’s yet many didn't. Success was inconsistent mutual the well off got wealthier and the poor got more unfortunate. In the event that you were rich you were rich that’s it, yet on the off chance that you were poor you were either a worker or a rancher. Anyway it wasn’t going to remain as such everlastingly, on October 24,1929 individuals out of nowhere began selling there stalks. More than 12 million in stalks were lost on one day however New York brokers held the market. After five days October 29, 1929 the market smashed again this time for good loosing over $30 billion was lost individuals named the day dark Tuesday. The answer for this issue would have been straightforward if the administration at the time had any sound judgment at. All they would need to do is the thing that the administration following up the September 11, 2001 occasion did when everybody began to freeze sell their stocks the president revitalized all t he big enchiladas of the nation and made them make a type of open message telling the individuals its alright we don’t need to freeze sell our stocks there is nothing awful going to happen you don’t need to sell your stalks.... Free Essays on Great Depression Incredible Depression in the United States, most exceedingly terrible and longest monetary breakdown throughout the entire existence of the advanced mechanical world, enduring from the finish of 1929 until the mid 1940s. Starting in the United States, the downturn spread to the greater part of the world’s modern nations, which in the twentieth century had gotten financially reliant on each other. The Great Depression saw fast decreases in the creation and offer of merchandise and an abrupt, serious ascent in joblessness. Organizations and banks shut their entryways, individuals lost their occupations, homes, and reserve funds, and many relied upon noble cause to endure. In 1933, even under the least favorable conditions point in the downturn, in excess of 15 million Americans-one-fourth of the nation’s workforce-were jobless. The downturn was brought about by various genuine shortcomings in the economy. Despite the fact that the 1920s showed up on a superficial level to be a prosperous time, pay was unevenly dispersed. The affluent made huge benefits, yet an ever increasing number of Americans spent more than they earned, and ranchers confronted low costs and substantial obligation. The waiting impacts of World War I (1914-1918) caused financial issues in numerous nations, as Europe battled to pay war obligations and reparations. These issues added to the emergency that started the Great Depression: the awful U.S. financial exchange crash of 1929, which demolished a large number of speculators and decimated trust in the economy. Proceeding all through the 1930s, the downturn finished in the United States just when monstrous spending for World War II started. The downturn delivered enduring impacts on the United States that are as yet evident the greater part a century after it finished. It prompted the appointment of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who made the projects known as the New Deal to defeat the impacts of the Great Depression. These projects extended government intercession into new territories of social and financial concerns and made social-help quantifies on the national level. The Grea... Free Essays on Great Depression In U.S. history, the extreme monetary emergency as far as anyone knows accelerated by the U.S. financial exchange crash of 1929. In spite of the fact that it shared the essential attributes of other such cri

Definition and Examples of Language Death

Definition and Examples of Language Death Language passing is aâ linguistic term for the end or eradication of a language. Likewise called language elimination. Language Extinction Qualifications are ordinarily drawn between an imperiled language (one with few or no kids learning the language) and a wiped out language (one in which the last local speaker has died).â A Language Dies Every Two Weeks By and large, at regular intervals (By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English, 2008). Language Death Like clockwork a language kicks the bucket. By 2100, the greater part of the in excess of 7,000 dialects spoken on Earthmany of them not yet recordedmay vanish, taking with them an abundance of information about history, culture, the indigenous habitat, and the human cerebrum. (National Geographic Society, Enduring Voices Project)I am constantly sorry when any language is lost, since dialects are the family of countries. (Samuel Johnson, cited by James Boswell in The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785)Language demise happens in temperamental bilingual or multilingual discourse networks because of language move from a backward minority language to a prevailing greater part language. (Wolfgang Dressler, Language Death. 1988)Aboriginal Australia holds a portion of the universes most imperiled dialects including Amurdag, which was accepted to be wiped out until a couple of years back when etymologists ran over speaker Charlie Mangulda living in the Northern Territory.(Holly Bentley, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Aug. 13, 2010) The Effects of a Dominant Language A language is said to be dead when nobody talks it any more. It might keep on having presence in recorded structure, of coursetraditionally recorded as a hard copy, all the more as of late as a component of a sound or video file (and it does as it were live on in this way)but except if it has familiar speakers one would not discuss it as a living language. . . .The impacts of a predominant language shift particularly in various pieces of the world, as do perspectives towards it. In Australia, the nearness of English has, straightforwardly or in a roundabout way, caused incredible semantic obliteration, with 90% of dialects incurable. Be that as it may, English isn't the language which is prevailing all through Latin America: if dialects are kicking the bucket there, it isn't through any deficiency of English. Additionally, the nearness of a prevailing language doesn't consequently bring about a 90% annihilation rate. Russian has for quite some time been predominant in the nations of the previous USSR, yet there the all out decimation of nearby dialects has been evaluated to be just (sic) 50%.(David Crystal, Language Death. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Stylish Loss The fundamental misfortune when a language passes on isn't social yet stylish. The snap sounds in certain African dialects are brilliant to hear. In numerous Amazonian dialects, when you state something you need to indicate, with an addition, where you got the data. The Ket language of Siberia is so amazingly sporadic as to appear to be a work of art.But let’s recollect that this stylish pleasure is for the most part relished by the outside onlooker, regularly an expert savorer such as myself. Proficient language specialists or anthropologists are a piece of a particular human minority. . . .By the day's end, language passing is, unexpectedly, a manifestation of individuals meeting up. Globalization implies up to this point confined people groups relocating and sharing space. For them to do as such and still keep up unmistakable dialects across ages happens just in the midst of surprisingly industrious self-isolationsuch as that of the Amishor severe isolation. (Jews didn't sp eak Yiddish so as to delight in their decent variety but since they lived in a politically-sanctioned racial segregation society.)(John McWhorter, The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall 2009) Steps to Preserve a Language [T]he best non-etymologists can do, in North-America, towards saving dialects, lingos, vocabularies and so forth is, among other potential activities, (French etymologist Claude Hagã ¨ge, creator of On the Death and Life of Languages, in Q and A: The Death of Languages. The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2009) Taking an interest in affiliations which, in the US and Canada, work to acquire from nearby and national governments an acknowledgment of the significance of Indian dialects (arraigned and prompted semi elimination during the XIXth century) and societies, for example, those of the Algonquian, Athabaskan, Haida, Na-Dene, Nootkan, Penutian, Salishan, Tlingit people group, to name only a few;Participating in subsidizing the formation of schools and the arrangement and installment of skilled teachers;Participating in the preparation of language specialists and ethnologists having a place with Indian clans, so as to encourage the distribution of syntaxes and word references, which ought to likewise be monetarily helped;Acting so as to present the information on Indian societies as one of the significant points in American and Canadian TV and radio projects. An Endangered Language in Tabasco The language of Ayapaneco has been spoken in the land currently known as Mexico for a considerable length of time. It has endure the Spanish triumph, seen off wars, upsets, starvations and floods. In any case, presently, as such a significant number of different indigenous dialects, its in danger of extinction.There are only two individuals left who can talk it fluentlybut they will not converse with one another. Manuel Segovia, 75, and Isidro Velazquez, 69, live 500 meters separated in the town of Ayapa in the tropical swamps of the southern territory of Tabasco. It isn't certain whether there is a since quite a while ago covered contention behind their shared shirking, however individuals who realize them state they have never truly delighted in every others company.They dont share a great deal practically speaking, says Daniel Suslak, an etymological anthropologist from Indiana University, who is associated with an undertaking to deliver a word reference of Ayapaneco. Segovia, he says, can be somewhat thorny and Velazquez, who is increasingly aloof, seldom prefers to leave his home.The word reference is a piece of a test of skill and endurance to revive the language before it is absolutely past the point of no return. At the point when I was a kid everyone talked it, Segovia told the Guardian by telephone. Its vanished gradually, and now I guess it may pass on with me. (Jo Tuckman, Language at Risk of Dying OutLast Two Speakers Arent Talking. The Guardian, April 13, 2011) Those etymologists dashing to spare biting the dust languagesurging townspeople to bring their kids up in the little and undermined language as opposed to the greater national languageface analysis that they are inadvertently helping keep individuals devastated by urging them to remain in a little language ghetto. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011)

What to Expect From Harvey Mudd Supplement Essay Samples?

What to Expect From Harvey Mudd Supplement Essay Samples? Maybe you took an online French course to get familiar with the language before taking a visit to Paris with your family members. Ultimately, you're want to go beyond simply listing the things that attract you. Therefore, you ought to keep your answer sweet and easy. Your answer ought to be personal and, if at all possible, unexpected. Harvey Mudd Supplement Essay Samples Secrets ISAB also supplies recreational opportunities! By the minute you're done, you'll have a complete collection of reasons for applying to LMU. There's no advantage or disadvantage for a Harvey Mudd student selecting a major earlier in her or his career. There are lots of opportunities at school which I can make the most of to my success in course work. Basically, the admissions folks wish to understand why their school is of specific interest to you. Admissions officers would like to know you'll be willing to contribute to lively class discussion and possibly conduct research in your latter years on campus. Claremont McKenna College is a unique community since it is composed of talented folks who individually and collectively contribute to improving the life span of the College. Over the duration of the subsequent four decades, students receive support from the college through local host families, the global student services office, and a mentor program named InterConnect. What you decide to write about will give admissions an idea about what you truly care about and how you understand the world. Comparable to the preceding list, you're want to be careful to prevent self-aggrandizing or pandering choices. Through observations of the signals of confusion in the faces of men and women in the audience, an individual will know th e method by which the message is being perceived. It's typically a great strategy to pick something you've been doing for a very long time, where you're able to showcase key qualities like commitment, perseverance, and leadership. Even if you previously have a good idea, a small fact-checking never hurt anyone. Braveness is about wisdom. Since you just have 50 words, don't have any choice except to continue to keep your answer short and sweet. Predicted results for exams which are in progress needs to be sent with the application. Repeat this process till you're faced with just four questions. Unless Harvard is your very first choice and you're tackling this application with an early submission deadline before you, you might want to leave this essay until the conclusion of your supplement run. Understanding Harvey Mudd Supplement Essay Samples The GPA requirement that actually matters is the GPA you will need for an actual prospect of getting in. Some of the most prosperous applicants are heavily engaged in only a few pur suits. The college understands you want to have the ideal possibility of admission, and retaking the test is a great means to do this. We enroll new students just in the fall semester. In humans, for example, the appendix is considered to be a vestigial structure. Make your essay particular to the university so that it is going to be a strong supplemental essay. This quick essay will surely be a positive bit of her application. As you write your very own supplemental essays, make sure to prevent common supplemental essay mistakes. Abortion debates aim to reveal the rights and wrongs that are connected with the practice and answer the most important puzzle against the custom, while it is right or wrong. Thus, it's right to say that abortion is just wrong if it's done with no considerable reason. While interviews aren't required, they are highly encouraged. Since the interview isn't required, it isn't counted against you whenever you're unable to complete one. The interview lets you tell us more about your own personal background, together with your accomplishments, talents, and goals. As the interview isn't an essential element of the program, you won't be at a disadvantage if an interview isn't available in your region.

Is Psychology A Science - 2038 Words

Together, can a conclusion be made? The conclusion being that science helps many parts of our lives? â€Å"Like all science, psychology is knowledge: and like science, it is knowledge of a definite thing, the mind† in this quote by James Mark Baldwin, it states that psychology is a science, a science that is being used in many different ways. Unlike usual science, that teach us about cells, rocks, and animals, this science gives us a glimpse of something that everyone has and something that everyone has questions about†¦ the mind! Psychology helps us in many different ways, and one of those ways is to help police catch criminals. Psychology helps the police force catch criminals by looking at behavior patterns that these criminals have when it comes to committing crimes, looking into the criminals’ past, and allowing the formation of a special unit. It is important to remember that the use of psychology to catch criminals isn’t just for any type of criminal, but mostly helps law enforcement catch violent criminals namely, serial killers, serial rapists, serial arsonists, and terrorists. Many argue that using psychology in profiling is not a sound science and law enforcement is making a guess rather than an educated assessment. Looking into behavioral patterns of violent criminals has a lot of important pieces. One of these many pieces is victimology (study of victims, socioeconomic background as well as physical traits, e.c.t.) â€Å"†¦ The victim constitutes roughly half of theShow MoreRelatedThe Science Of Psychology And Psychology2314 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1: The Science of Psychology Downs, Martin. â€Å"Psychology vs. Psychiatry: Which is better?† WebMd.com. WebMD, Inc., 2005. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. The article is about the importance of psychology, the article is written by the Downs Martin in the year of 2005. 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Affordable Care Act The New Health Reform Law - 957 Words

The Affordable Care Act is the new health reform law that was signed into action on March 23, 2010. The Affordable Care Act attempts to reform the healthcare system by providing Americans with affordable health insurance. It helps put individuals, businesses, and families in control of their own healthcare. By the sound of it, it really looks like this is something that will positively impact the lives of Americans, and make it easier for individuals to obtain health insurance. Unfortunately, what many Americans are unaware of is that there are so many underlying issues that make the Affordable Care Act not so affordable. Issues such as penalties and taxes that certainly rack up the cost on individuals, businesses and even hospitals that make it difficult for people and businesses to be in â€Å"control† of their health care. The individual mandate is a â€Å"requirement stating that individuals have to obtain basic health insurance under the Affordable Care Act or pay a taxà ¢â‚¬ . 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Computer Security and Forensics Tools Wireless Security

Question: Describe about the Report of Computer Security and Forensics Tools for Wireless Security. Answer: Executive Summary: This report about Wireless Security Cracking tools covers all the aspects related to it. The report covers various types of attacks related to wireless security such as Confidentiality attacks, Integrity attacks, Authentication attacks and Bluetooth attacks. There are some tools related to these attacks which have been explained separately in this report. In the end, various wireless security cracking tools have been compared. So, this report helps reader to get knowledge about various security cracking tools. Introduction: This report is an analysis of wireless attack tools which emphasize mainly on 802.11 networks and Bluetooth. In this four types of attacks are included which are Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication and Bluetooth. Confidentiality attack tools emphasize on the type of data and known for cracking the encryption. Integrity attack tools mainly emphasize on the data which is in transmission and in this, frame insertion, main in the middle and replay attacks are included. Authentication attach tools emphasize on crackin the authenticity of the data i.e. cracking the passwords, crackin the keys and credentials. Last but not the least, Bluetooth attack tools focus on attackin the Bluetooth devices and attempt to steal the information from the device with the help of Bluetooth connection. So, various hacking and cracking tools used for these purposes are discussed in this report. The tools have been compared on the basis of its purposes, availability, encryption type, authentication typ e, and data integrity type. Wireless Security Cracking Tools: Usually, Wireless networks come with a great security such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). Wireless Security is must to ensure confidentiality, privacy, availability, authenticity and integrity of the data. There are some kinds of attack which attack on the security of wireless networks are as follows: Confidentiality Attacks: These are the types of attacks which attempt to intercept the confidential or private data over wireless networks. Integrity Attacks: These are the types of attacks which try to send fraudulent control, data frames so that recipient gets mislead. Authentication Attacks: These attacks are basically used by the intruders for stealing the identities and credentials of users so that they could access private networks. Bluetooth Attacks: Nowadays, attacks on Bluetooth are also emerging with growing popularity of Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth attacks are DoS, Bluesnarfing and Bump attack. In Bluetooth DoS attack, a device is involved which is not a part of piconet interrupting the existing piconet of other devices. Bluesnarfing is an attack in which an attacker might get unauthorized data with the help of Bluetooth Connection. In Bump attack, attacker sends a request to the victim for accepting the connection for data transfer like photos, calendar notice or contacts on a PDA. Once the data is sent, attacker does not close the connection i.e. keeps the connection open due to which attacker is allowed for requesting key regeneration even after the victim deletes the pairing between them. Once the attacker is done with key regeneration, he/she may be able to access all the services of victims device. To attacks on Security of Wireless Networks, some tools have been built up which try to crack the security of networks. Some of tools have been developed for compromising with 802.11 networks. Therefore, these kinds of tools are known as Wireless Security Cracking Tools. Wireless Security Cracking Tools have been categorized as follows: Confidentiality Cracking Tools: Eavesdropping is an attack to intercept the real-time private communication such as instant messages, phone calls, or videoconferences. Tool used for such attack is Wireshark which is used to display the network traffic of both wireless and wired networks. This tool is used to show the captured data in an easy way so that anyone could read and follow it easily. An encryption key cracker is a tool which is used to crack the encrypted information. There is a tool called AirSnort for WEP and AirCrack for WPA. Integrity Cracking Tools: Airpwn is a kind of wireless attack tool for packet injection of 802.11. File2air is also a similar type of tool but using this tool, user is allowed to specify an amount of injected packets. There is one more tool called as AirJack which is used to run the actual frame injection. Simple replay is an attack tool which allows for 802.11 packets which had been captured to be injected back into the network. Frame injection and frame relay attacks tools are the tools which attack directly on the integrity of data. Availability Attack Tools: Few of the availability tools are similar to those listed in the integrity attack tools because most of the attacks are similar in both availability and integrity. But there are some specific tools which are used to attack availability because few of the attacks on availability are different from that of integrity. FakeAP is one of the flooding attack tools which are used for generating thousands of 802.11. Bluetooth Attack tools: With the growing demands of Bluetooth devices, risk associated with Bluetooth i.e. attacks on Bluetooth are also growing. A BlueSmack tool is used for launching the ping of death attack on Bluetooth devices. This tool requests thousands of echoes from a Bluetooth devices and then the device gets unable to do anything only the echoes are returned which causes Denial of Service (DoS). BlueChop and BluePass are also attacks tools for DoS. BlueChop is used to interrupt the existed piconet. BluePass attack tool is used for creating Bluetooth packets so that buffer overflow attack is caused. Wireshark Tool: This tool is basically a confidentiality attack tool which is also known as Ethereal and considered as the most powerful tool in network analysis toolkit. It works as a network packet analyzer which is peered inside the network and used to analyze the details of traffic at various levels. This tool is free of cost. It is much easier to install this tool. It can run on various platforms such as Windows, Macintosh OS X, Unix/Linux or any other operating systems. Ettercap Attack Tool: Ettercap is a free and open source tool which is used to launch the Man-in-Middle Attacks. This tool is used for the analysis of network and security auditing. It is run on various operating system platforms such as Linux, Windows, Mac OS, and BSD. Ettercap attack tool sniffs the captured passwords and network traffic. AirCrack Wireless Password Cracking Tool: Aircrack is a very famous tool developed by Thomas d'Otreppe de Bouvette and used for cracking the passwords of wireless networks. This tool is basically used as 802.11 WPA-PSK and 802.11 WEP keys cracking tools across the world. Firstly, this tool captures the network packets and then it attempts to crack the password by analyzing those packets. This tool is considered as the most powerful tool. In this tool, a console interface is offered. It can be run on various operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, OpenBSD and Windows. It is free of cost and can be downloaded from the internet. Fern Wi-Fi Wireless Cracking Tool: Fern Wi-Fi Tool is also one of the best tools which are used for network security. It is used to identify real time network traffic and hosts. The purpose of development of this tool was to identify flaws in computer networks and then fixing them. This tool can run on Apple, Windows and Linux Operating system platforms. With the help of this tool, WEP/WPS/WPA keys can be cracked very easily. Since this tool is in active development, one can get updates of new features on regular free. This tool has free access for a very limited period i.e. for 7 days, after that user has to purchase it for some cost. WepAttack tool: WepAttack is an open source tool for Linux for cracking the 802.11 WEP keys. This tool works by performing an active dictionary attack by doing test on millions and millions of words to find the working key of the network. To work with WepAttack, only a working WLAN is required. This tool runs on the Linux operating system platform. The software is free of cost and licensed under the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version2 or any latest version. CloudCracker tool: CloudCracker tool is an online password cracking tool for hacking the password of WPA protected wi-fi networks. This tool is used for hacking the various password hashes. Working of the tool is very easy. One is require to upload the handshake file, enter the name of network and start the tool. The tool may contain large dictionary of around 300 million words for performing dictionary attacks. To access this tool, one has to visit its official website which is www.cloudcracker.com. There is no need to download any software to access the tool. So, it is one of the simpler and easier attack tool. Comparison of Wireless Security Cracking Tools: Wireshark Aircrack Ettercap Fern Wi-Fi cracking tool BTCrack Purpose This tool is used to see what is going on in network at a microscopic level. The purpose of the tool is to crack the password of wireless networks. The purpose of this tool is to analyze the network and for security auditing. In Fern Wifi Cracking tool, the purpose is to identify the real time network traffic and hosts. BTCrack is a Bluetooth pin and LINK-KEY cracker. Its purpose is to reconstruct the PIN and LINKEY with the data which is sniffed during a pairing exchange. Encryption Type SSL For Encryption OPN: no encryption, WEP: WEP Encryption, WPA or WPA2: WPA or WPA2 Encryption. SSL WPA No Encryption Authentication Type WEP, WPA/WPA2 SKA (shared key for WEP), or OPN (open for WEP). RSA WEP, WPA, WPA2 Calculated Pin is used to authenticate in a Pairing Mode. Data Integrity CRC32 checksum CRC32 checksum Checksums Not present Not present Conclusion: In this report, various attack tools and attacks on the wireless security networks were discussed. Attacks usually occur on 802.11 networks and Bluetooth devices. Because Bluetooth and 802.11 networks are being used so widely these days, therefore there are many various types of attack tools which exist for the Bluetooth and 802.11 networks. Confidentiality attacks are comprised of encryption cracking, sniffing and AP attacks. Integrity attacks are comprised of the attacks which occur on data when the data is used to be in transmission. These attack tools can easily be installed and there are many web pages or forums which act as tutorial to guide on how to use these tools. Many of them are multi-platform i.e. they can run on various operating systems. References: Roche, M. (2007). Wireless Hacking Tools. 1st ed. [ebook] .cse.wustl.edu. Available at: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-07/ftp/wireless_hacking.pdf [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Chia, T. (2012). Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability: The three components of the CIA Triad Stack Exchange Security Blog. [online] Security.blogoverflow.com. Available at: https://security.blogoverflow.com/2012/08/confidentiality-integrity-availability-the-three-components-of-the-cia-triad/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Rensburg, J. and Irwin, B. (2006). WIRELESS SECURITY TOOLS. 1st ed. [ebook] citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.100.916rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Sukhija, S. and Gupta, S. (2012). Wireless Network Security Protocols A Comparative Study. 1st ed. [ebook] International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. Available at: https://www.ijetae.com/files/Volume2Issue1/IJETAE_0112_61.pdf [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Sites.google.com. (n.d.). Confidentiality Attacks and Countermeasures - PCcare. [online] Available at: https://sites.google.com/a/pccare.vn/it/security-pages/confidentiality-attacks-and-countermeasures [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. InfoSec Resources. (2015). 13 Popular Wireless Hacking Tools - InfoSec Resources. [online] Available at: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/13-popular-wireless-hacking-tools/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. InfoSec Resources. (2016). 20 Popular Wireless Hacking Tools [updated for 2016] - InfoSec Resources. [online] Available at: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/20-popular-wireless-hacking-tools-updated-for-2016/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Chapple, M. (2008). Wireshark tutorial: How to sniff network traffic. [online] SearchSecurity. Available at: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/Wireshark-tutorial-How-to-sniff-network-traffic [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016].