The Debate Over Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper

The Debate Over Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Also, Apple has never taken part in any of the accountability companies that exist. Recently, Eco ratings were conducted all the mobile producing companies participated in the competition except for Apple, they were invited till the last moment but they were very nonresponsive in this respect and never bothered to respond. The Eco ratings are related to the material that the cell phones are using, whether it is a good one and is it environmentally friendly. The social responsibility also involves the rights of the workers, there have been a lot of issues with regards to the work conditions that their workers are being provided and all Apple has done are to cover it up and sweep it under the rug rather than working to improve the conditions (Hunnicutt 2009). To an extent in my opinion that Apple doesn’t because there was recently a video related to the Fox Conn went viral in which it showed young people working in fitting the screens of I phones, and iPods and earning very little, even the conditions provided to them for working is very poor. They are paying a low wage to the workers, the wage is lower than the nominal wage and therefore the employees are living in very dire situations there are many employees who are working day and night just to achieve their required some. The money is so less that it hardly pays for their basic expenses. There have been many cases of the workers trying to commit suicide and many were even successful in committing it. Â  

American Registry for Internet Numbers Essay Example for Free

American Registry for Internet Numbers Essay 1. American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)- Provides services involving technical coordination and management of internet number resources. They support the internet through the management of internet number resources and coordinates the development of policies for the management of IP number resources. They also provide services for technical coordination and management of internet number resources in its respective services region. The services include IP address space allocation and ASN allocation, transfer and record maintenance. B. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)- Responsible for the allocation of globally unique names and numbers that are used in Internet protocols that are published as RFC documents and for coordinating some of the key components that keep the internet running efficiently. They allocate and maintain unique codes and numbering systems that are used in the technical standards/protocols that drive the internet. Among such protocols are the domain names, number resources and Protocol assignments. C. Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)- An organization that manages the internet number resources within Asia. They provide the number resource allocation and registration services that support the global operation of the internet. 2. An Ipv4 uses 32 bit IP addresses. The max number of of IPv4 addresses is about 4 billion. 3.The max number of Ipv6 addresses is about 48 billion. 4.The world ran out of Ipv4 addresses February 1, 2011. All networks must now allocate Ipv6 addresses. 5. Ipv4 addresses are exhausted 6. Ipv4 is still being used because the address pool supports the continual demands and extends its usefulness. Also because Ipv4 and Ipv6 are not compatible. 7. No because you cant resell them. Sources https://www.arin.net/ https://www.iana.org/ https://www.apnic.net/

Government Surveillance vs Personal Privacy Essay -- Costs of NSA Surv

Today, individuals are sacrificing privacy in order to feel safe. These sacrifices have made a significant impact on the current meaning of privacy, but may have greater consequences in the future. According to Debbie Kasper in her journal, â€Å"The Evolution (Or Devolution) of Privacy,† privacy is a struggling dilemma in America. Kasper asks, â€Å"If it is gone, when did it disappear, and why?†(Kasper 69). Our past generation has experienced the baby boom, and the world today is witnessing a technological boom. Technology is growing at an exponential rate, thus making information easier to access and share than ever before. The rapid diminishing of privacy is leaving Americans desperate for change. Privacy allows an individual the power of seclusion in order to shut anything in particular out. In today’s society the term privacy has generated several different interpretations. Thus creating a large grey area as well as numerous debates as to whether or not privacy has been violated. According to Kasper, â€Å"If privacy is to be understood, it must be examined from the inside, that is, from the standpoint of the experience of its invasion† (Kasper 75). Privacy is a very broad term today due to many fairly new meanings. In order to truly understand the real meaning of privacy it must be examined at a deeper depth; That is, to understand the victim of the invasion and the consequences in which he or she has suffered. This grey area of privacy has expanded even further as of result of the technological era that is currently growing larger. Privacy was previously only understood dealing with humans’ body and physical interactions. Not too long ago social networking and the Internet did not exist making it extremely difficult for indi... ...xford: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2011. Print. Kasper, Debbie. â€Å"The Evolution (Or Devolution) of Privacy.† Springer Vol. 20, No. 1 (2005): 69-92. Web. 22 Sept. 2015. Kaufman, Brett. â€Å"ACLU Files Lawsuit Challenging NSA’s Patriot Act Phone Surveillance.† ACLU.org. ACLU, 11 June. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. â€Å"The Government Is Spying on Us Through Our Computers, Phones, Cars, Buses, Streetlights, At Airports And On The Street, Via Mobile Scanners And Drones, Through Our Smart Meters, And In Many Other Ways.† WashingtonsBlog.com. Word Press, 23 Sept. 2013. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. Whitehead, John and Steven Aden. â€Å"Forfeiting â€Å"Enduring Freedom† for â€Å"Homeland Security†: A Constitutional Analysis of the USA Patriot Act and the Justice Department’s Anti-Terrorism Initiatives.† American University Law Review Vol. 51, No. 6 (June 2002): 1081-1133. Web. 2 Oct. 2015.

Enron Scandal

Ethics are values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. If all people lived by this code the world would be a much better place. Having business ethics in the workplaces is very significant to having a truly successful business. Many companies have been forced to suffer losses or even forced to enter bankruptcy. Enron is one of the biggest examples of when making business ethical decisions go wrong.An American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas Enron was a big deal. Employing approximately 20,000 staff and was being one of the world’s leading electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper companies. Enron was a company on top on of the reason the fall was so drastic. Since Enron was the largest corporation contributor to the first presidential Bush campaign some people believed it to be a political conspiracy. The people in charge of Enron you can say lost their way, they became more worried about the money instead of the wellbeing of their company and employees.If Enron had stayed in the gray areas or at least the moral minimum then thing might have turned out different for them. Staying in these areas they would have made sure that all there business dealing was in compliance with the law. However just because a business deal is in compliance with the law does not mean it is ethical. Enron is the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history and also the biggest audit failure of that time. With the using of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting, Enron was able to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects.Many executives at Enron were indicted for a variety of charges and were later sentenced to prison. Employees and shareholders received limited returns in lawsuits, despite losing billions in pensions and stock prices. As a cons equence of the scandal, new regulations and legislation were enacted to expand the accuracy of financial reporting for public companies. Enron first started sliding down the unethical path when the market to market accounting style was introduced. Market to market accounting allowed Enron to book potential future profit on the day a deal was signed.This is a problem because even if the company did not receive any money that day Enron could make it look anyway they wanted. Due to the large discrepancies of attempting to match profits and cash, investors were typically given false or misleading reports. While using the method, income from projects could be recorded, although they might not have ever received the money, and in turn increasing financial earnings on the books. Enron also had something in place called PRC the performance review committee.It let employees review each other and people that did not meet the requirement you were let go and the better employees were rewarded. Employees constantly looked to start high-volume deals, often disregarding the quality of cash flow or profits, in order to get a higher rating for their performance review. Enron paid out multimillion dollars bonuses to top executive based on imaginary profit. Enron had to find real money to fund them so they merged with Portland General Electric Company. Enron became the largest marketer of natural gas and electricity.Enron and Blockbuster signed a 20 year agreement to introduce video on-demand. After several attempts to get the concept together Enron realized it was not going to work. Enron estimated profits of more than $110 million from the deal, even though analysts questioned the technical viability and market demand of the service. When the network failed to work, Blockbuster pulled out of the contract. Enron continued to recognize future profits, even though the deal resulted in a loss. Enron debt was beginning to catch up with them and raise questions so they found differe nt ways to hide it.One ways was hiding the debt in a lot of dummy corporations. Their purpose was to purpose to raise the company’s stock to make it look like profit was coming in. At this point Enron had thrown business ethics out of the window. Making people invest their money in a company stock that had false value. Enron started using the electricity needs to their advantages having forced black out for the cost of electricity to raise and to make a profit. They did not care what the lack of electricity was doing to the people. When Enron went bankrupt the people lost everything there whole savings where gone and they were now without a job.If people had stop to ask there self is this decision ethical or how it well affect others the Enron scandal could have been avoided. The executive put money over the wellbeing of the company as a whole and the employees. When making the important decisions about your business you should always look at the business, personal and legal side of the deal. Every deal has its outcome it is your job to predict the outcome and deal with the consequences of your actions. Hanshermannhesse3. â€Å"Enron – The Smartest Guys in the Room. † YouTube. YouTube, 22 Feb. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. .

“Lines composed upon Westminster bridge, Sept. 3 1802” and “London” Essay

These two poems show very different views of London. â€Å"Lines composed upon Westminster Bridge†, written by William Wordsworth, describes London in detail. He captures the beautified city and expresses the calmness of the morning. William Blake, who lived around the same time, wrote â€Å"London† which expresses the chaotic and corrupt side of London. Wordsworth describes the city in much detail. â€Å"A sight so touching in its majesty.† The â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair.† He expresses his true feeling about the city from where he sees it. He goes on to personify the city and describe how it † doth like a garment wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare†. He has captured the city in the morning when it is quiet and in a sense almost naked with no one yet bustling through the streets, there are no fume engulfed traffic jams or shouting street salesmen. There is only the calmness of the morning. All the man made objects and buildings, such as â€Å"ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie open unto the fields and to the sky†. The man built objects remain where they were left not yet being used by Londoners. The atmosphere is sublime, the sun is just rising and soaking everything in its light, â€Å"Never did sun more beautifully steep† â€Å"Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!† the scene is so peaceful he is feeling peace within himself. The natural body of the city, the river, is gliding in its own free way, the way it wants â€Å"the river glideth at its own sweet will† Its free will is moving it naturally through the city as though it were the countryside. The river has also been personified to give more emphasis of its freedom. He is so overwhelmed by the atmosphere and calmness of the city. â€Å"Dear God! The very houses seem asleep† everywhere he sees is not yet awake, again he has personified an object to give it more emphasis. His final line is describing the city as a â€Å"mighty heart† that is â€Å"lying still†. The capital, like the giant mechanism of a heart is just lying still. The aim from the poem is to describe the amazement he sees when looking over a massive city and seeing the calmness. He wants to express to others how peaceful and calm it makes him feel and pass that feeling on to the reader. The first two stanzas describe what the city is like, and what he sees around him. The sestet after this shows his personal response to what he has already described and how he feels about the city. Blake presents a much more depressing, morbid scene of London describing the corruptness of everything in the city. He is describing the attitudes and goings on in London that are normally never spoken about, the things which people may or may not know but which go on behind closed doors. A lot of repetition is used, unlike in Wordsworth’s poem, to give emphasis to the points which he is trying to make. â€Å"In every cry, of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he only lists one example in each line but gives the effect of a lot of crying and pain and fear. He speaks in a first hand account throughout the poem â€Å"I wander†, â€Å"I hear†, and â€Å"I meet†. By speaking in the present tense it makes the reader more inclined to think it is going on here and now however old the poem may be. By beginning the first line with â€Å"I wander thro’ each chartered street† It makes it easier to visualise what he is describing because it is a first hand account. The chartered streets are each set out neatly and ordered, â€Å"the chartered Thames† is also very regulated and gives the impression of it being divided and bought and sold. He notices a mark in â€Å"every face I meet â€Å"Marks of wisdom, marks of woe.† This evidence of scars of weakness and great sadness in faces contrasts with the peaceful and happy atmosphere Wordsworth gave to London. He hears â€Å"mind-forg’d manacles† in cry’s of â€Å"every man† and â€Å"Infant’s cry of fear† he is referring to the fake, made up manacles that he cannot actually hear but knows that something is wrong. His repetition of cry continues to the next stanza where he talks of â€Å"chimney-sweepers† which are doing the dirty, hardest jobs and suffering for their work, an example of the depressed and morbid London. The description of the â€Å"blackening church† shows the soot taking over London and the church becoming almost evil, involved with dirty money or becoming corrupt. Even the church is starting to lose its faith. Another large part of London life is also criticised, â€Å"the hapless soldier’s sigh Runs in blood down palace walls.† Fighting is going on around the palace but going unnoticed, the palace is oblivious to the corruptness going on inside its own walls. He contrasts the third stanza with the 4th final stanza, not only the church and palace and the huge industries of London are corrupt the streets are also. â€Å"Thro’ the midnight streets I hear How the youthful harlot’s curse† there is a lot of prostitution going on in the streets of London but was something that wasn’t spoken about. The STD’s, or â€Å"curses† â€Å"blasts the new born infants tear†. Implying that prostitutes pass on STD’s and then these in turn get passed on to the newborn babies of those who have any disease. Another example of a corrupt system in London, which now effects the innocent. â€Å"And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.† Sleeping with prostitutes while married destroys the whole point of marriage and then if the partner becomes pregnant another generation is born into corruption. The use of hearse shows how marriage is carried away as though dead and not taken seriously. The extremely regular meter helps put across the ordered ways he describes the beginning. These chartered and regulated ways soon give way to the examples of how corruption is slowly taking over the whole city, the government, the church, the palace and the streets. The first poem also used a regular meter, which, also worked well in describing the city peacefully and happily. The two poems contrast greatly in not what they describe but how they describe it. Wordsworth has a much more calming poem, which in effect leaves the reader much more calm and peaceful. This is unlike Blake’s who describes so much evil and chaos going on, his poem leaves the reader much more depressed and almost disgusted with how the people and industries of London are behaving. Their use of language is also quite different, Wordsworth’s entire poem is full of description of â€Å"beauty†, â€Å"bright and glittering† and full of â€Å"splendour†. He uses very grand descriptions of everything unlike the descriptions of Blake, which are quite harsh and blunt, â€Å"blasts the new born infants tear†, â€Å"blights with plagues† and â€Å"runs in blood down palace walls.† I did enjoy both poems but preferred the first, â€Å"Lines composed upon Westminster† because of its use of more soothing, happy descriptions of London. It made me feel much more relaxed after reading it whereas â€Å"London† left me feeling slightly more depressed and sad. Although this may have been the aim of Blake’s poem I preferred Wordsworth’s poem because it was much calmer.

Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essays

Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essays Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essay Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936), a scholar of high standard is considered by many to be the most effective writer of supernatural fiction that England has ever produced. At a very young age he took a special and unusual interest in antiquarian books which came to develop an intellectual interest with regards to the supernatural.Ramsey Campbell quotes, M.R. James was the most influential stylist in Britain of supernatural fiction.Oh, Whistle, and Ill Come to You, My Lad is about a professor called Parkins who is on holiday and he finds a whistle with Latin inscriptions on it outside a Templars church. He blows the whistle two times and starts to experience visions and other strange occurances.M.R. James begins to build up fear in the beginning of the story when he hints at the fact that Parkins is disturbed by the supernatural: I freely own that I do not like careless talk about what you call ghosts. This shows that Parkins is trying to hide his fear. M.R. Ja mes uses mystery, giving clues and at times withholds the information to build up feelings of suspense in his book a patch of the turf was gone-removed by some boy or other creature ferae naturae.He creates the use of imagery of darkness by making Parkins find this metal tube in the fading light near the beach which gives us the thought of unearthing ancient relics and the idea of awakening things. This taps into our fear of the ancient world. A first note of an eerie figure, a prospect of company on his walk, who seemed to be making great efforts to catch up with him. This figure is indistinct and we are not sure if it is friend or foe. This pursuit of the unknown is creating a sense of fear, of which lies the thought of an unknown evil emerging from the sea.The Latin inscriptions on the whistle translate as Who is this who is coming? which builds up a sense of mystery and tension. M.R. James creates fear of loneliness when Parkins sees a figure when he blows into the whistle a vi sion of a wide, dark expanse at night in the midst a lonely figure. He would have seen more had not the picture been broken by the surge of a gust of wind. The gust of wind is like a force repelling Parkins away that he should not blow the whistle or something distasteful might happen.After the second blow of the whistle, there was a huge gust of wind from the window and the candles both went out. The gust means something more. It induces darkness creating a sense of terror especially when the candles go out which creates the image of unwanted closeness. That someone is too close for comfort.The author manifests Parkins fears and anxieties in his dreams, making it surreal and could happen in the future; A black shape bobbing up and down looking eagerly back and rapidly growing in larger, as a figure in pale, fluttering draperies, ill-defined. This is called atavistic which is primitive in human terms, an atavistic fear at night; something might get you at night.M.R. James creates h umour with the choice of phonetic language for the lower classes: Ow, I seen it wive at me out of the window. The front winder it was, at the otel, said the boy. There are many clauses at the end to give more information; this also keeps the sentences to flow freely. Also when youre terrified, the reader is only concerned on what they are reading at that moment. He is careful to use descriptive words where necessary. Face of crumpled linen. This is very brief but not a detailed description, probably like this because Parkins related this to someone else who is telling us the story, we are hearing it second hand. M.R. James has taught us a terrifying lesson about the dangers of intellectual pride-Parkins was so happy with his intellect that he didnt seem to understand some things which made him feel scared.Mr Humphreys and His Inheritance is about a man who has inherited a house from his late uncle and there is a mysterious maze in the garden of the house which has been locked for a long time.Mr Humphreys never knew his relative so M.R. James constructs the sense of loneliness in him. He talks about ancient ruins in the story of Parkins but this is about ancient temples. Mr Humphreys has gained entrance to the maze that was covered by a wall and near the gate was a motto: My secret is for me and for the sons of my house.In the maze, a noise is heard and he thinks it was Cooper but he says it isnt the first odd thing. This is a fear of intrusion and that something might come back from the dead.It is a convenient thing for M.R. James to make Humphreys pick out a quarto(part) from a book of sermons. This recounts to his own childhood when he had an interest in old books and picked out dusty volumes. This is a major story of conventional writing and its a warning about curiosity. Often in the middle of the maze, there are treasures, but something obstructs it like the Minotaur. This is a warning to Humphreys to not be avaricious-greedy and desire to have things(e.g . desiring gold). The strange globe at the centre of the maze has now changed with inscriptions of prince of darkness and shadow of death. Latin etchings can be quite frightening because of their connection with religion and the medieval world.This is the idea of perception that M.R. James includes, telling us that we see the world differently and how Mr Cooper and Humphreys differentiate temperatures when they touch the globe.The trees and their surroundings create a shadow by the reflected moonlight. There is a vague suggestion that the woods are seducing Mr Humphreys like the belief in the god Pan. The god Pan seduced people into the woods like Selene, the moon goddess. M.R. James describes the weather to represent the emotions of the characters and peoples feelings however in this case how Humphreys is feeling; a dark ominous sign and a symbol of danger. This is called pathetic fallacy. He describes a small Irish yew, thin and black. The maze is using dark, featureless objects t o defend itself, and it is getting closer to the house. My secret is for me and the sons of house (It seems that the maze is opening for Humphreys but not for the others like Lady Wardrop because hes a relative of the uncle.)Rationalising and interpreting the inexplicable in different ways, is a theme in M.R. James story. This is because science was still developing in the Edwardian period which certainly excited and attracted interest, but M.R James doesnt usually use science to explain the story. This is unusual but effective because in science one must test things empirically to prove them, but ghosts are not considered to be proven because they do not fit into the scientific world.The title of The Ash Tree is effective in creating the image in the readers mind of something huge and daunting. People tend to fear the trees and forests when they are alone and perhaps M.R. James had this perception upon writing his story. The magnitude of the tree is described in the story where it is almost touching the building with its branches.Castringham Hall is playing on popular fears, the author describes the harrowing occurrences which took place at the Hall in 1690; a number of witch trials were conducted at the Hall, and these accused were feared to have been possessed by demonic powers. The authors ability to explain the inexplicable is evident in his description of Sir Matthews amazement at a moving creature which had more than four legs. Delving into the unknown is the authors way of keeping his readers apprehensive about what may happen next. There is an attempt by the characters to rationalise their experience, not making much of the momentary vision. Here the reader is able to sympathise to some degree at the naivety of the characters who brush off what will certainly affect them later.The author, through the use of powerful and emotive imagery in his depiction of the death of Sir Matthew Fell, describes in quite disgusting detail the sight of his corpse. This corpse however is frighteningly unique in that those who come into contact with it are left to endure the pain of abnormal swellings. The funeral sermon of his death had been printed under the Malicious dealings of AntiChrist. This is very powerful as it means ESCHATOLOGICAL(APOCALYPTIC) which is coming to an end. This force of evil contrasts with biblical verses and antichrist.Again the author delves into the unknown and employs this technique to keep his readership engaged and so that they can search for the answers to these abnormal and suspicious occurances: two or three screams there were, his face struck with an incredulous terror and loathing before he cried out in a dreadful voice, remains of an enormous spider, veinous and seared as the fire burned lower down, more terrible bodies began to break out covered with greyish hair.The authors vivid descriptions of a decomposed body, in fact a skeleton with the skin dried upon the bones plays on our fear and distaste with the vul gar. The lady turns out to be that of Mrs Mothersole and the disgraceful scene is stomach turning for the weak hearted.Theres been a great deal of superstition surrounding the number 13: Many horror films have been screened in which the superstitious number has played a central role. A vivid construction of fear is found in Andersons arrival at door Number 13. The fact that the door would not open continued with the sound of nasty movements from inside the room sets the scene.The mention of the rumours surrounding the Bishops practise of secret and wicked arts is effective in introducing the dangers of anti-Christianity or anti religious forces since they deal with the unknown.The ceasing of footsteps and sound of hissing breathing outside number 13 works on the fear and apprehension of the readers. The almost ghostly appearance of a bearded man and shadowy figure at number 13 where Anderson unfamiliar with what is lurking in his surrounding, and the flickering of a convenient red l ight, draws the reader into a tense atmosphere. This plays with the idea of perception in Number 13 on how Anderson feels as if the room has shrunk and become narrowed.Andersons confusion about his locations creates the perception of a man touched by the secret and wicked arts introduced at the beginning of the story.Anderson has been placed in an unfamiliar setting where he finds himself delvinginto the unknown; mysterious voices and scenes, together with disturbing Latin inscriptions speaking of spirits become a horror for him, and his fear is felt by the reader.The use of very descriptive adjectives do much to emphasize and illustrate the setting that Anderson finds himself in the quiet is described as deadly.Andersons fears about number 13 come out when the door eventually opened, through which an arm emerged which clawed at Jensens shoulder.Jensens disgust a fright is a contrasted with the low laugh of whatever demonic powers reside within number 13.The characters are desperate for a refuge from what is described as the devils den which relates to anti-Christianity.The discovery of the document in the conclusion is an attempt to explain the inexplicable. Quite naturally deeply disturbed by the events in the hotel, Anderson and Jensen believed to have found the answers within the phenomena. To there dismay however, they are unfamiliar with the language whether it is upside down or written in two different languages. There is a degree of tension therefore, the reader is left uncertain and without explanation concerning the events at the hotel.M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror by using themes of loneliness and isolation. In his childhood, he liked to be alone, reading old books and he relates this to how he isolates Mr Humphreys and Parkins. Other themes are intrusion, revenge and justice, witchcraft, perception, the Uncanny, superstition and trying to explain the inexplicable.

What to Do About Slime Flux (Bacterial Wetwood)

What to Do About Slime Flux (Bacterial Wetwood) Most everyone has seen these symptoms in a tree at some point: an oozing, weeping spot in the bark of the tree, often near a crotch or pruning scar, but sometimes just appearing randomly. The elm trees that line boulevards in many communities are a prime place to spot these wet, slimy weeping spots, but a number of other trees can also exhibit the symptoms.   Bacterial Wetwood or Slime Flux This familiar symptom is associated with  bacterial wetwood  or slime flux disease. This disease is  a major cause of rot in the trunks and branches of hardwood trees. Slime flux is caused by a bacterial infection in the inner sapwood and outer heartwood areas of the tree and is normally associated with wounding or environmental stress, or both. In elm trees, bacteria  Enterobacter cloacae  are the cause of slime flux,  but numerous other bacteria have been associated with this condition in other trees, such as willow, ash, maple, birch, hickory, beech, oak, sycamore, cherry, and yellow-poplar.  These similar bacteria include species of Clostridium, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. In an infected tree, these bacteria feed and grow inside a tree wound and they use tree sap as their favorite source of nutrients. Symptoms of Slime Flux A tree with slime flux disease has water-soaked patches and weeps from visible wounds and sometimes even from healthy-looking bark. The actual weeping from the patch may be a good sign, as it is allowing for a slow, natural draining of an infection that needs a dark, damp environment. In the same way  that an infection in an animal or person is relieved when the wound drains, a bole (trunk) infection in a tree is helped when drainage occurs. A tree with this form of bole rot is trying its best to compartmentalize the damage.​ The attacking bacteria in a slime flux infection alters wood cell walls, causing moisture content of the wood to increase to the point of injury.  Slime flux is identified by dark liquid streaks running vertically below an injury and a foul-smelling and slimy seepage running down the bark.  Chemically, the weeping liquid is actually fermented sap, which is alcohol-based and toxic to new wood.   Treatment for Slime Flux Disease For many years, experts advised that  holes drilled in a tree could allow gases and liquids to drain from an area of slime flux rot. More recently, several United States Forest Service reports advise against this practice. It is now thought to further spread the bacteria.  There is still some debate about this practice, but the consensus now is to refrain from drilling holes.   In reality, there are no active measures to effectively treat the bole rot caused by slime flux disease. As determined by the late Dr. Alex Shigos research, the best current advice is to maintain the trees overall health so that the tree can isolate the spot and grow good wood around the diseased portion. Affected trees will usually overcome the problem themselves and seal off the damage. Avoid Insecticide Use Another common treatment that really has no benefit is the use of insecticides applied in the hopes of preventing the rot from spreading within the tree. The impetus to trying this treatment stems from people noticing insects feeding on the rot. It should be remembered, however, that the insects have not caused the disease nor do they spread it. There is even some opinion that by removing the decaying wood, insects may actually help the tree. Spraying for insects in an effort to cure slime flux is a waste of money and may actually perpetuate slime flux disease.   Preventing Slime Flux Disease The basic control for slime flux disease is prevention. Avoid wounding the tree and make sure to plant trees in locations where there are no stresses from urban soil compaction, such as walking and vehicle traffic. Trim away broken, torn branches promptly.   Remember that a healthy tree will usually overcome slime flux. If you keep your trees healthy in other ways, they almost certainly will overcome a bout of slime flux disease.